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    • 专利摘要:
    Desalination and potabilization device by evaporation on a channel flow, comprising a feed tank (1), an evaporation chamber (5) that receives water from the feed tank (1), a concentrating solar thermal plate (15) to reflect radiation into the evaporation chamber (5) and heat water to evaporation, a condensation chamber (6) after the evaporation chamber (5) with a wall (12) with an open top (13) separating the chambers, a T-tube (7) with an upper branch (8) and a lower branch (10) with an outlet to a tank of distilled water (11), and a thermal conditioning circuit, which has heat exchangers (19, 20, 21, 22) so that the water in vapor form passes to the condensation chamber (6) and to the T-tube (7), where thanks to at least one heat exchanger (19) it is condensed at least partially. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2751848A1
    申请号:ES201830946
    申请日:2018-10-01
    公开日:2020-04-01
    发明作者:Gago David Tristan；De La Fuente Myriam Marcos；González Ana Tejero
    申请人:Universidad de Valladolid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001]
    [0002] DESALINATION AND POTABILIZATION DEVICE BY EVAPORATION
    [0003]
    [0004] Field of the Invention
    [0005] The present invention relates to a device for desalination and potabilization by evaporation on a channel flow. The device object of the invention is applicable in the field of the generation of distilled water, which can be used for multiple uses.
    [0006]
    [0007] Background of the Invention
    [0008] The need for water of the human being has been increasing, since it not only requires water for its consumption, but also requires large quantities for activities in numerous industries and for the development of agriculture and livestock.
    [0009]
    [0010] In those areas (islands or arid areas close to the coast) or periods (droughts) in which fresh water has been scarce, humans have had to develop techniques that allow them to desalinate sea water to make it suitable for consumption or irrigation. The physicochemical process of removing minerals from seawater to make it suitable for consumption is known as desalination or desalination of seawater.
    [0011]
    [0012] There are various desalination techniques. The best known are reverse osmosis, distillation, freezing desalination (based on the displacement suffered by dissolved salt ions when freezing the water in which they are contained) and electrodialysis of sea water (separation of NaCl ions). of the water).
    [0013]
    [0014] The reverse osmosis process consists of passing the water under high pressure through membranes that retain the salts and allow the water to pass through. Depending on the pressure and the type of membrane, the water obtained can be totally or partially distilled water, in this case being destined for consumption. For example, in documents ES2193279T3 and ES2291150T1 reverse osmosis desalination plants are disclosed.
    [0015]
    [0016] Desalination by distillation consists of carrying out processes of evaporation condensation giving rise to a variety of different procedures. The most significant are evaporation and sudden flash distillation.
    [0017]
    [0018] Sudden flash distillation consists of evaporating steam that does not contain salts using a flash camera. GB1166149 discloses a flash flash distillation method based on the serial evaporation of flash evaporators where the steam is sucked up and condensed with a cooling liquid.
    [0019]
    [0020] Evaporation consists of preheating the water, achieving its evaporation, and then condensing it as distilled water. The preheating can be done by different means, currently being the most frequent, using solar energy, which is known as the greenhouse technique.
    [0021]
    [0022] In documents ES2185514A1, ES2165824A1, ES2105977A1 and ES2401516A1 evaporation desalination facilities are disclosed, in some cases they are configurations specifically designed for ships, which require additional energy input, others perform in the same chamber, the extraction of steam and condensation from the Likewise, due to which thermally and physically it is a very inefficient process, the device object of the invention improves the process of transfer of matter by improvement in diffusion, and of energy with improvements in flow by conduction and convection, and in other cases It mixes the power generation of plants with desalination, losing efficiency jointly in both systems.
    [0023]
    [0024] ES2185514A1 discloses a cylindrical evaporator and a concentric condenser. Sea water is used to cool the condenser and then it is taken to the evaporator.
    [0025]
    [0026] Document ES2165824A1 discloses a device that can be described as a watertight vessel with two desalination plants, one by reverse osmosis and the other by evaporation, so that, depending on the requirements and specifications of each, the water is distributed between one or another to obtain the highest possible efficiency. The ship also has a diesel-electric propulsion plant, wind turbines and solar cells that allow the ship to generate its own energy.
    [0027]
    [0028] Document ES2105977A is aimed at improvements applicable to conventional installations with solar collectors. Proposes to establish a heat accumulator that ensures the permanent operation of the installation so that, at night, it feeds the boiler coil to keep evaporation constant. In addition, it proposes incorporating a turbine coupled to an electric generator at the boiler outlet, making the installation energy-independent.
    [0029]
    [0030] Document ES2401516A1 is characterized by a tent with a pyramid-shaped structure with a dark inner sheet and a transparent outer sheet parallel to the previous one, installed on a support base anchored to the ground or in floats on the sea surface in which they are incorporated. vaporization means at the apex of the pyramid with micronebulizers, means of capturing humid air by distillation column, and condensation in the ground and heat dissipation in the smaller tank.
    [0031]
    [0032] Documents ES0292640U, ES2088707A1, ES2155758A1, ES2257944A1 and ES8609160A1 disclose evaporation systems that present a series of deficiencies, which are solved by the device object of the invention.
    [0033]
    [0034] Document ES0292640U proposes an installation consisting of a totally closed flexible material receptacle consisting of two departments, an upper one where the salt water is located and vaporized and a lower one where it condenses. The upper department has a roof formed by a succession of transparent arcuate tubular air chambers arranged transversely and adjacent to each other. This cover is arranged on another similar arrangement of tubular but straight and metallic chambers whose upper surface is black and which, with two tubular elements arranged longitudinally, constitute the basin where the salt water is heated. Once vaporized, it condenses in the lower department located under the tray and configured between it and a black sheet fixed at its ends to those of the tray. Water vapor accesses this department through the slits in laminar walls that connect the sides of the basin with the lower areas of the roof.
    [0035]
    [0036] Document ES2088707A1 discloses an installation with a sloping cover transparent to light and exposed to sunlight, arranged above the water to be desalinated. The water evaporates due to the radiation and condenses on the bottom surface of the cover sliding down it. After sliding down the deck, the water passes through the space between an internal channel (through which the water to be desalinated flows) and an external channel collecting at the bottom of this external channel for its storage and subsequent use.
    [0037]
    [0038] ES2257944A1 discloses a desalination cell by low pressure distillation using a hydraulic siphon. Sea water runs between two manholes connected by a siphon in which, for a given temperature, the pressure equals the steam pressure and evaporation occurs.
    [0039]
    [0040] Document ES2155758A1 is characterized in that the separation of fresh water is carried out in a system defined by an evaporation chamber and a condensation chamber. The evaporation chamber is equipped with a series of channels or trays that act as receivers for sea water and from whose trays hang laminar bodies with great absorption power. Due to capillarity, the water that enters these trays or channels impregnates the hanging pieces with absorbent material, achieving a very wide evaporation surface. The brackish water runs off and is returned back to the sea while the steam is passed to the condensation chamber where there are a series of refrigerated vertical plates.
    [0041]
    [0042] Document ES8609160A1 discloses a solar distiller characterized by consisting of a greenhouse-type body made up of low transparent glass panels on the base of which is a U-shaped tank of salt water. It has a closed circuit tube for hot air that carries sprayers. In this way, when the interior of the still reaches a suitable temperature, the sprayers send salty water. When this water comes into contact with the hot air, the precipitate of sodium chloride is produced, which falls by gravity to the bottom. Drinking water condenses on the inner face of the glass panels sliding down to the condensation coil. In the coil, the water condenses already purified, being collected in a tank that can be emptied to speed up the destination process.
    [0043]
    [0044] Description of the Invention
    [0045] The object of the invention is a device for desalination and potabilization by evaporation on a channel flow that comprises a feed tank that receives water by a first line from an inlet, an outlet tube from the tank, an evaporation chamber that it reaches the water from the feed tank through the tank outlet tube, a concentrating solar thermal plate configured to reflect all the radiation towards the evaporation chamber, a condensation chamber following the evaporation chamber that communicates with the evaporation chamber by a wall with an open upper part, a T-tube following the condensation chamber with an upper branch with an atmospheric opening and a lower branch with outlet to a tank of distilled water and a thermal conditioning circuit.
    [0046]
    [0047] The atmospheric opening what it does is to maintain the balance inside the T-tube, since it also comes out as humidity and air enters, creating a gradient of keeping everything at atmospheric pressure and ambient humidity, which is why there is also air flow and internal steam. In the atmospheric opening it is a matter of letting out as little water as possible, so at that point the refrigeration is colder, since it has hardly warmed up, and if some steam is going to escape it condenses it to a greater extent. , rushing like water. There must be an atmospheric opening to maintain the dynamics within the device object of the invention, but the objective is that the smallest possible steam escapes through the atmospheric opening, in any case, if something escapes, it is a little residual moisture.
    [0048]
    [0049] The solar thermal plate is adjustable, by means of an electric motor, which creates rotation on its axis to follow the optimal position of the sun at all times, maximizing the energy contribution.
    [0050]
    [0051] The thermal conditioning circuit of the device object of the invention comprises a first heat exchanger located around the condensation chamber, a second heat exchanger located around the upper branch of the T-tube attached to the first heat exchanger, a third exchanger heat exchanger located around the lower branch of the T-tube attached to the first heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger located in the first line close to the inlet attached to the second heat exchanger and to the third heat exchanger.
    [0052]
    [0053] In the device object of the invention, water with solutes enters the evaporation chamber from the feeding tank to undergo gradual heating until evaporation and pass to the condensation chamber, and to the T-tube where it condenses at least partially thanks to the first exchanger. of heat, to the second heat exchanger and to the third heat exchanger, such that part of the water in the upper branch in the form of steam comes out residual by the atmospheric opening and by the lower branch is obtained distilled water condensed by the outlet to a tank of distilled water.
    [0054]
    [0055] The device for desalination and purification by evaporation on a channel flow object of the invention comprises a point for evacuating concentrates in the evaporation chamber before the wall, the point for evacuating concentrates being configured to evacuate concentrated salts in the chamber of evaporation.
    [0056]
    [0057] The device for desalination and purification by evaporation over a channel flow object of the invention comprises a regulating valve located at the point of evacuation of concentrates connected to a concentration sensor, such that when the concentration of salts reaches a certain value, the valve regulator is opened and the concentrated salts are eliminated through the concentrate evacuation point.
    [0058]
    [0059] The control system consists of a controller device for each sensor (temperature, level or concentration) with its corresponding output signal to the actuator (valve or pump), through closed-loop feedback. As the controller configuration is installed to control a thermal system, very slow systems, a control with Proportional Integral Derivative Action (PID), closed loop and self-configuring that adjust the variables (temperature, level, concentration) to the values of slogan necessary to optimize the production of distilled water flow. These devices are coordinated by means of a common controller, which controls the activity of all the controllers, to coordinate the joint action and thus be able to optimize the flow of desalinated water.
    [0060]
    [0061] The desalination and purification device by evaporation on a channel flow object of the invention comprises an inlet valve in the tank outlet tube configured to act in combination with the regulating valve, and also comprises a level sensor in the discharge chamber. evaporation. Thus, when the level sensor detects a drop in the level in the evaporation chamber, the inlet valve introduces a greater quantity of water into the evaporation chamber, until the reference level is reached again.
    [0062]
    [0063] The desalination and purification device by evaporation on a channel flow object of the invention comprises a refrigeration fluid tank connected to the second heat exchanger to which it provides coolant for the condensation of water in the upper branch of the T-tube, and to the fourth heat exchanger from which it receives coolant that has heated the water passing through the first line.
    [0064]
    [0065] The entire cooling system exposed to the outside (the part that does not go underground) is covered with an insulating material housing, so that neither solar radiation nor external temperatures increase the cooling temperature as it passes through the coil.
    [0066]
    [0067] The desalination and evaporation potabilization device on a channel flow object of the invention comprises a coil located around the first line connected to the concentrate evacuation point, which receives the concentrated salts eliminated by said concentrate evacuation point.
    [0068]
    [0069] The fourth heat exchanger is located on the first line before the coil as the water advances, for optimal thermal maneuvering.
    [0070]
    [0071] The desalination and purification device by evaporation on a channel flow object of the invention comprises a feed pump in the first line, with the feed pump configured to keep the level in the feed tank constant.
    [0072]
    [0073] The desalination and purification device by evaporation on a channel flow object of the invention comprises a cooling pump cooling pump that feeds a tank of cooling fluid and maintains the level in said tank of cooling fluid constant.
    [0074]
    [0075] The desalination and purification device by evaporation over a channel flow object of the invention comprises a distilled water outlet and a distilled water outlet valve in the lower branch of the T-tube, such that the distilled water outlet valve is configured to keep the water level constant at the bottom of the lower branch.
    [0076]
    [0077] The desalination and purification device by evaporation on a channel flow object of the invention comprises an outlet valve at the outlet of the third heat exchanger configured to keep the temperature constant in the third heat exchanger.
    [0078]
    [0079] In the desalination and potabilization device by evaporation over a channel flow object of the invention, the feed tank is located higher than the evaporation chamber, so that the water circulates through the evaporation chamber due to a difference in elevation between a point of water access to the evaporation chamber and its exit.
    [0080]
    [0081] It should also be noted that the height of the evaporator at the entry point, from the tank is slightly higher than the other end of the tube, to favor the circulation of the concentrated flow or of the condensate that occurs in the condensate chamber.
    [0082]
    [0083] The concentrating solar thermal plate of the device object of the invention comprises a rotation axis attached to a motor, such that the concentrating solar thermal plate has orientation capacity.
    [0084]
    [0085] Regarding the implementation of the assembly, for several teams, desalination lines can be mounted in parallel, with a single common feed tank and a collector, or individual feed tanks. Star mounts can also be made, using in the center a common refrigerator tank and individual feeding tanks at each end or vice versa, to the convenience of finding the optimal installation for each farm.
    [0086]
    [0087] Brief description of the drawings
    [0088] To complement the description that will be made below and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, the present descriptive memory is accompanied by a set of drawings based on which the innovations and advantages of the device object of the invention.
    [0089]
    [0090] Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the evaporation desalination and purification device on a channel flow.
    [0091]
    [0092] Figure 2 shows a plan view of an alternative embodiment of the device object of the invention with a feeding tank.
    [0093] The different numerical references that are reflected in the figure correspond to the following elements:
    [0094] 1. feed tank,
    [0095] 2. first driving,
    [0096] 3. an entry,
    [0097] 4. tank outlet tube,
    [0098] 5. evaporation chamber,
    [0099] 6. condensation chamber,
    [0100] 7. T-tube as condensation chamber termination,
    [0101] 8. upper branch,
    [0102] 9. atmospheric opening,
    [0103] 10. lower branch,
    [0104] 11. outlet to a tank of distilled water,
    [0105] 12. wall,
    [0106] 13. open top,
    [0107] 14. concentrate evacuation point,
    [0108] 15. concentrating solar thermal plate,
    [0109] 16. regulating valve,
    [0110] 17. concentration sensor,
    [0111] 18. inlet valve,
    [0112] 19. first heat exchanger,
    [0113] 20. second heat exchanger,
    [0114] 21. third heat exchanger,
    [0115] 22. fourth heat exchanger,
    [0116] 23. cooling fluid reservoir,
    [0117] 24. distilled water outlet,
    [0118] 25. feed pump,
    [0119] 26. a cooling pump,
    [0120] 27. outlet valve,
    [0121] 28. level sensor,
    [0122] 29. coil,
    [0123] 30. distilled water outlet valve, and
    [0124] 31. driving.
    [0125]
    [0126] Detailed description of the invention
    [0127]
    [0128]
    [0129] The object of the invention is a device for desalination and purification by evaporation over a channel flow, comprising:
    [0130] - a feed tank (1) that receives seawater by a first line (2) from an inlet (3),
    [0131] - a tank outlet pipe (4),
    [0132] - an evaporation chamber (5) where the water reaches from the feed tank (1) through the tank outlet pipe (4),
    [0133] - a condensation chamber (6) following the evaporation chamber (5),
    [0134] - a T-tube (7) as the termination of the condensation chamber (6), which has:
    [0135] - an upper branch (8) that has an atmospheric opening (9) and
    [0136] - a lower branch (10) that has an outlet to extract the water from the ten T tube (7), such that the water reaches a tank of distilled water (11),
    [0137] - a thermal conditioning circuit, in which, by means of heat exchangers, the heating and / or condensation of water is facilitated depending on the part where the water is inside the device.
    [0138]
    [0139] To supply the feed tank (1) from the inlet (3), the device object of the invention has a feed pump (25) located along the first line (2).
    [0140]
    [0141] Between the evaporation chamber (5) and the condensation chamber (6) the device object of the invention has a wall (12), which separates the evaporation chamber (5) and the condensation chamber (6) and which a in turn it has an open upper part (13), so that it allows a passage of water in the form of steam between the evaporation chamber (5) and the condensation chamber (6) through said open upper part (13). Before finding the communication wall (12) between the evaporation chamber (5) and the condensation chamber (6), in the evaporation chamber (5) the device object of the invention comprises a point for evacuating concentrates (14 ).
    [0142]
    [0143] In the preferred embodiment of the device object of the invention, the evaporation chamber (5) and the condensation chamber (6) have a cylindrical shape, with the same diameter and the same material, so that easy and economical dimensioning is obtained of scale in device production.
    [0144]
    [0145] The device object of the invention, to carry the water present in the evaporation (5) up to the temperature at which said evaporation occurs, comprises a concentrating solar thermal plate (15), such that the evaporating chamber (5) is located in the focus of said concentrating solar thermal plate (15) so that the concentrating solar thermal plate (15) is configured to reflect all the radiation towards the evaporation chamber (5). In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentrating solar thermal plate (15) is a concave parabolic mirror.
    [0146]
    [0147] The concentrating thermosolar plate (15) of the device object of the invention has orientation capacity, to follow the optimal position of the sun at every moment, maximizing the energy input, by means of an electric motor (not shown) that creates rotation on its axis.
    [0148]
    [0149] The evaporation chamber (5), in the preferred embodiment of the invention, is formed by a cylindrical tube of vitreous material, with the transparent lower part and the upper part covered with a concave specular sheet, thus through the transparent lower part they penetrate the solar rays reflected by the concentrating solar thermal plate (15) and these rays are reflected in the specular sheet.
    [0150]
    [0151] In the evaporation chamber (5), the water with salts receives the radiation reflected by the concentrating thermosolar plate (15) during the path of the water along the evaporation chamber (5), with a continuous heating process, such that Thanks to this heating, it begins to evaporate when it reaches the vapor pressure of the air in the evaporation chamber (5). The evaporation of the water causes the salts present in the water to begin to concentrate, said concentration occurs until it reaches a limit value in which the concentrated salts, also known as brine, are discarded through the concentrate evacuation point (14) .
    [0152]
    [0153] The feed tank (1) is located at a higher level than the evaporation chamber (5), and the point of entry of the water to the evaporation chamber is also at a higher level than the outlet, so that the flow of water through Said evaporation chamber (5) is produced by difference in dimensions between the access point of the water to the evaporation chamber (5) and its exit.
    [0154]
    [0155] The separation between the evaporation chamber (5) and the condensation chamber (6) is made through the wall (12) with the upper part open (13), so that the water vapor generated in the evaporation chamber (5) go through that open top (13) towards the condensation chamber (6), while the water with the concentrates that has not gone into steam, is retained in the wall (12). Furthermore, since the water has a forward movement through the evaporation chamber (5) towards the wall (12), the salts present in the water that enters the evaporation chamber (5), accumulate when they are said water with the wall (12). The salts present in the water are concentrated at the concentrate evacuation point (14).
    [0156]
    [0157] For the evacuation of salts through the point of evacuation of concentrates (14), the device object of the invention has a regulating valve (16) located in the said point of evacuation of concentrates (14), such that thanks to a concentration (17), when the concentration of salts reaches a certain value, the regulating valve (16) opens and, by gravity, eliminates the brine. This elimination is carried out because when the concentration of salts in the water increases, so does the water vapor point, that is, the evaporation temperature of the water, and therefore the temperature that the water would have to reach for its evaporation is higher. , which would suppose a reduction in the performance of the device object of the invention.
    [0158]
    [0159] The evacuated brine is at a high temperature since its concentration occurs due to the evaporation of water that takes place in the evaporation chamber (5) of the device object of the invention. To maximize the performance of the device object of the invention, since the brine that is concentrated at the concentrate evacuation point (14) is at an elevated temperature, the brine when it is evacuated from the evaporation chamber (5), is directed by a line (31) to a coil (29) located around the first line (2) at a point close to the inlet (3) of the device object of the invention, so that the water entering the device object of The invention, which enters a low temperature, when entering through the inlet (3) to the first line (2) receives the heat from the coil (29) where the evacuated brine is located.
    [0160]
    [0161] The brine, once the heat has transferred to the inlet water, is evacuated out of the device object of the invention, through an outlet (not shown in the figures), so that more brine from the evaporation chamber is allowed to be reused ( 5).
    [0162]
    [0163] Thus, the energy reflected by the concentrating solar thermal plate (15) is used with
    [0164]
    [0165]
    [0166] two purposes:
    [0167] - provide the incoming water with the sensible heat necessary for the water to reach the boiling point, and
    [0168] - provide the latent heat proportional to the water already evaporated, steam that runs through the top of the tube to the tubular chamber of the condenser
    [0169]
    [0170] The water level in the evaporation chamber (5) is kept constant, for this the device object of the invention has an inlet valve (18) in the tank outlet pipe (4) before accessing the evaporation (5) and with a level sensor (28), said inlet valve (18) works in combination with the regulating valve (16) that eliminates the brine and with the level sensor (28) to, when the level falls , for having eliminated the brine, or for any other reason, introducing a greater quantity of water into the evaporation chamber (5), in addition the inlet valve (18) has a constant minimum opening, which compensates for the continuous evaporation of water that is produces in the evaporation chamber (5).
    [0171]
    [0172] In this way, when the concentration increases to a level where evaporation does not perform well, the brine or concentrated fluid is extracted by gravity, until it has a desired concentration, by adding water with a lower concentration of salts, produced by the entry of water from the feed tank (1).
    [0173]
    [0174] The thermal conditioning circuit of the device object of the invention has a plurality of heat exchangers that, in one part of the device, provide heat to the first line (2) of the device and, in another part of the device, extract heat from the water which is in the form of steam (6,7), favoring the condensation of the water, later, this heat is transferred to the inlet flow, returning the cooling fluid to the cooling fluid tank (23), at a low temperature (close to that of the input socket):
    [0175]
    [0176] Specifically, the thermal conditioning circuit includes:
    [0177] - a first heat exchanger (19) located around the condensation chamber (6);
    [0178] - a second heat exchanger (20) located around the upper branch (8) of the T-tube (7);
    [0179] - a third heat exchanger (21) located around the lower branch (10) of the T-tube (7);
    [0180] - a fourth heat exchanger (22) in the first line around the first line (2); and
    [0181] - a refrigeration fluid tank (23) connected to both the fourth heat exchanger (22) and the second heat exchanger (20).
    [0182]
    [0183] The fourth heat exchanger (22) provides heat to the water entering the device object of the invention, since said water enters at a temperature that can be around 10 °, if the entry is from the sea. This fourth heat exchanger (22) provides heat to the water, because the fourth heat exchanger (22) itself carries a high-temperature fluid, which comes from the other three heat exchangers, which have absorbed heat from the water in the form of steam which is in the evaporation chamber (5) or in one of the branches (8, 10) of the T-tube.
    [0184]
    [0185] Thus, after the water enters the device through the inlet (3), the water passes through the first line (2), the water first finds the fourth heat exchanger (22) and then the coil (29), reason why it receives a double treatment of contribution of heat to the incoming water.
    [0186]
    [0187] The route that the water makes since it enters the device object of the invention through the inlet (3), runs through the first line (2) to the feed tank (1), is fed to the evaporation chamber (5) and passes through the open upper part (13) of the wall (12) that separates the evaporation chamber (5) and the condensation chamber (6), until accessing the condensation chamber (6), but it passes in the form of water without salts, which accumulate in the evaporation chamber (5).
    [0188]
    [0189] The salt-free water vapor that is in the condensation chamber (6) in order to obtain distilled water requires cooling for its condensation, said cooling begins in the condensation chamber (6) by means of the first heat exchanger (19 ) that carries a cold fluid, so that the steam advances through said condensation chamber (6) until it reaches the T-tube, where part of the water maintains the form of steam and goes to the upper branch (8) and part of the water which already has a liquid form, it goes to the lower branch (10) where it accumulates in the bottom.
    [0190]
    [0191] The steam that is directed to the upper branch (8), cools and condenses thanks to the second heat exchanger (20) and falls to the lower branch (10), so that, due to the atmospheric outlet (9) of the branch upper (8) there is only one moisture outlet, and
    [0192]
    [0193]
    [0194] It condenses and precipitates almost all the water vapor that passes through the open top (13) of the wall (12).
    [0195]
    [0196] At the bottom of the lower branch (10) the device object of the invention has a distilled water tank (11) that has a distilled water outlet (24) that works by controlling a distilled water outlet valve (30), so that it maintains the level of the water present in the bottom of the lower branch (10) constant, allowing a passage of water to the tank of distilled water (11).
    [0197]
    [0198] In the preferred embodiment of the desalination and purification device by evaporation over a channel flow, the distilled water tank (11) is underground, so that the thermal inertia of the ground is used to reduce the temperature of the distilled water obtained before of its exit from the device object of the invention. The same occurs with the pipeline (31) that carries the brine from the concentrate evacuation point (14) to the coil (29) that is underground to take advantage of the thermal inertia of the terrain. And in addition to the above, the connections between the fourth heat exchanger (22) with the cooling fluid tank (23) and the third heat exchanger (21) are also underground and take advantage of the thermal inertia of the ground.
    [0199]
    [0200] The path taken by the fluid in the thermal conditioning circuit, starting from the cooling fluid tank (23), is as follows:
    [0201] - from the refrigeration fluid tank (23) it passes to the second heat exchanger (20) where it receives a first heating, because it is located around water that, despite having passed through the condensation chamber (6), remains in a vapor state ;
    [0202] - from the second heat exchanger (20) the fluid passes to the first heat exchanger (19) where it receives heat from the condensation chamber (6) to which we remember that only water in the vapor state accesses;
    [0203] - from the first heat exchanger (19) it passes to the third heat exchanger (21) where it receives heat, but less than in the two previous steps, since this third heat exchanger (21) is around the lower branch (10) of the T-tube (7), which carries water in a liquid state for the extraction of the device object of the invention;
    [0204] - with the fluid having received heat from three heat exchangers (19, 20, 21), the fluid passes from the third heat exchanger (21) to the fourth exchanger
    [0205]
    [0206]
    [0207] heat (22) that we remember is in the first conduction (2) of the device object of the invention next to the inlet (3), so that the third heat exchanger (21) provides heat to the incoming water to the device object of the invention that enters a low temperature, and, as a result of transferring heat to the incoming water, the refrigerant fluid acquires a temperature close to that of the inlet intake;
    [0208] - from the fourth heat exchanger (22) the fluid returns to the cooling fluid tank (23), for which the thermal conditioning circuit incorporates a cooling pump (26).
    [0209]
    [0210] Between the third heat exchanger (21) and the fourth heat exchanger (22) the thermal conditioning circuit comprises an outlet valve (27) with a level sensor (28), such that the outlet valve (27) is configured to keep the temperature constant in the third heat exchanger (21).
    [0211]
    [0212] The device object of the invention controls the generation of distilled water by means of two pumps and four valves, which makes its operation very simple and its energy consumption is very small. Specifically, the device uses the following elements as follows:
    [0213] - feed pump (25) keeps the level in the feed tank (1) constant,
    [0214] - cooling pump (26) keeps the level in the cooling fluid tank (23) constant,
    [0215] - regulating valve (16) at the concentrate evacuation point (14) keeps the concentration of salts in the water present in the evaporation chamber (5) constant,
    [0216] - inlet valve (18) in the tank outlet tube (4) keeps the water level in the evaporation chamber (5) constant,
    [0217] - distilled water outlet valve (30) maintains constant the temperature and level of the water present in the bottom of the lower branch (10), and
    [0218] - outlet valve (27) at the outlet of the third heat exchanger (21) maintains the constant temperature in the third heat exchanger (21).
    [0219]
    [0220] In the device object of the invention, evaporation is carried out with a channel movement at a reduced speed, which favors the generation and diffusion of steam, in addition to the effect of improved transportation due to the creation of convective currents, more laminar flow, in the boundary layer between the steam and the fluid, which produce a combined turbulent flow throughout the process.
    [0221]
    [0222] The device object of the invention offers conditions in which the evaporation of the fluid occurs in a very efficient and uniform way, since channel movement at reduced speed and convective currents favor the formation of evaporation nuclei throughout from the surface of the evaporation chamber.
    [0223]
    [0224] This steam flow, once it has been generated, also forms currents together with the air, towards the condensation chamber for two main causes:
    [0225] - firstly, when steam condenses, it reduces its volume and also the concentration of steam decreases in the same proportion that liquid is generated, when condensing, so we will have two causes, a mechanical cause (pressure difference) and a chemistry, (concentration difference) as driving forces of displacement.
    [0226] - at the point of opening to the outside, this process is accentuated, where in addition to being the lowest cooling temperature, the external pressure is atmospheric.
    [0227]
    [0228] The embodiment shown here, with a single evaporation / condensation circuit, is not limiting since, in alternative embodiments of the device, the same supply tank (1) has more than one outlet tube of the tank (4) that supplies another or other evaporation chambers (5) communicated in turn with their own condensation chambers (6). In this embodiment, it can happen that a single refrigeration fluid tank (23) feeds the exchangers associated with each condensation chamber (6) or that each condensation chamber (6) has its own refrigeration fluid tank (23).
    [0229]
    [0230]
    one
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. Desalination and potabilization device by evaporation on a channel flow, characterized by comprising:
    - a feed tank (1) that receives water by a first line (2) from an inlet (3),
    - a tank outlet pipe (4),
    - an evaporation chamber (5) where the water reaches from the feed tank (1) through the tank outlet pipe (4),
    - a concentrating solar thermal plate (15) configured to reflect all the radiation towards the evaporation chamber (5),
    - a condensation chamber (6) following the evaporation chamber (5) that communicates with the evaporation chamber (5) by a wall (12) with an open upper part (13),
    - a T-tube (7) following the condensation chamber (6) with an upper branch (8) with an atmospheric opening (9) and a lower branch (10) with outlet to a tank of distilled water (11) ,
    - a thermal conditioning circuit, comprising:
    - a first heat exchanger (19) located around the condensation chamber (6),
    - a second heat exchanger (20) located around the upper branch (8) of the T-tube (7) attached to the first heat exchanger (19), - a third heat exchanger (21) located around the lower branch (10) of the T-tube (7), attached to the first heat exchanger (19),
    - a fourth heat exchanger (22) located in the first line (3) around the inlet (3) connected to the second heat exchanger (20) and the third heat exchanger (21),
    where the evaporation chamber (5) is configured to receive solute water from the feed tank (1) and subject the solute water to gradual heating until evaporation, so that the water, as a vapor, passes into the condensation (6) and the T-tube (7), where thanks to the first heat exchanger (19), the second heat exchanger (20) and the third heat exchanger (21) the water condenses at least partially, such that By distilled water (11) outlet from the lower branch (10) distilled water is obtained and such that the atmospheric opening (9) of the upper branch (8) is configured for a moisture outlet.
    [2]
    2. Desalination and purification device by evaporation over a channel flow according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a point for evacuating concentrates (14) in the evaporation chamber (5) before the wall (12), the concentrate evacuation point (14) configured to evacuate concentrated salts in the evaporation chamber.
    [3]
    3. Desalination and purification device by evaporation over a channel flow according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises a regulating valve (16) located at the concentrate evacuation point (14) connected to a concentration sensor (17), such that when the concentration of salts reaches a certain value, the regulating valve (16) is opened and the concentrated salts are eliminated by the concentrate evacuation point (14).
    [4]
    4. Desalination and purification device by evaporation on a channel flow according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises:
    - an inlet valve (18) in the tank outlet tube (4) configured to act in combination with the regulating valve (16), and
    - a level sensor (28) in the evaporation chamber (5);
    such that when the level sensor (28) detects a decrease in the level in the evaporation chamber (5) the inlet valve (18) introduces a greater amount of water into the evaporation chamber (5), until it returns to reach the reference level.
    [5]
    5. Desalination and potabilization device by evaporation on a channel flow according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a refrigeration fluid tank (23) connected to:
    - the second heat exchanger (20), to which it provides cooling fluid for the condensation of water in the upper branch (8) of the T-tube (7), and - the fourth heat exchanger (22) from which it receives cooling fluid which has heated the water passing through the first line (2).
    [6]
    6. Desalination and purification device by evaporation on a channel flow according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that it comprises a coil (29) located around the first line (2) connected to the concentrate evacuation point ( 14), which receives the concentrated salts eliminated by said concentrate evacuation point (14).
    [7]
    7. Desalination and purification device by evaporation on a channel flow according to claim 6, characterized in that the fourth heat exchanger (22) is located in the first line (2) before the coil (29) as the water advances , for optimal thermal maneuver.
    [8]
    8. Desalination and purification device by evaporation on a channel flow according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a feed pump (25) in the first line (2), with the feed pump (25) configured to keep the level in the feed tank constant (1).
    [9]
    9. Desalination and potabilization device by evaporation on a channel flow according to any of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that it comprises a cooling pump (26) that feeds a tank of cooling fluid (23) and maintains the level constant in said cooling fluid reservoir (23).
    [10]
    10. Desalination and potabilization device by evaporation on a channel flow according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a distilled water outlet (24) and a distilled water outlet valve (30) in the lower branch (10) of the T-tube (7), such that the distilled water outlet valve (30) is configured to keep the level of the water present at the bottom of the lower branch (10) constant.
    [11]
    11. Desalination and potabilization device by evaporation over a channel flow according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises an outlet valve (27) at the outlet of the third heat exchanger (21) configured to maintain the temperature constant in the third heat exchanger (21).
    [12]
    12. Desalination and purification device by evaporation on a channel flow according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the feed tank (1) is located higher than the evaporation chamber (5), so that the Water circulates through the evaporation chamber (5) due to the difference in elevation between a water access point to the evaporation chamber (5) and the outlet of the evaporation chamber (5).
    [13]
    13. Desalination and potabilization device by evaporation over a channel flow according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the concentrating solar thermal plate (15) comprises a turning axis attached to a motor, such that the concentrating solar thermal plate (15) has orientation capacity.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2020070354A1|2020-04-09|
    ES2751848B2|2020-08-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    ES548588A0|1985-11-06|1986-09-01|Miranda Lopera Jesus|ACCELERATED SOLAR WATER OR SEA WATER DISTILLER|
    DE102004035189A1|2004-07-21|2006-02-16|Gerhard Dreyer|Plant for desalinating water, especially sea water, by distillation, comprising solar collectors, evaporation units, heat exchangers and condensate collector consisting of open channel system in closed housing|
    DE102004050145A1|2004-09-27|2006-03-30|Dietmar Feigenspan|Water purification plant, especially for desalinating sea water, with impure water supply and steam pressure distillation device supplied with heat from solar channel collector|
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201830946A|ES2751848B2|2018-10-01|2018-10-01|DESALINATION AND POTABILIZATION DEVICE BY EVAPORATION ON A CHANNEL FLOW|ES201830946A| ES2751848B2|2018-10-01|2018-10-01|DESALINATION AND POTABILIZATION DEVICE BY EVAPORATION ON A CHANNEL FLOW|
    PCT/ES2019/070572| WO2020070354A1|2018-10-01|2019-08-22|Device for desalination and purification based on evaporation of a channel flow|
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